Research Guide for Distributed Blockchain Storage Systems

Keyword List

Term Definitions Blockchain is a growing list of records that uses cryptography to link and protect data in blocks. Each block usually contains the cryptographic hash value of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. Block is a single unit that makes up the blockchain, containing data, the hash value of the previous block, and its own hash value. Genesis block is the first block in the blockchain. Hash is a one-way encryption function that converts data of any length into a fixed-length string, used to verify data integrity. Distributed network is a network composed of multiple interconnected nodes, where data is stored on multiple nodes rather than in a centralized storage. Node is a single device or computer in a distributed network that can store and process data. Striping is a technology that divides data into multiple parts and stores each part on different storage devices to improve data read and write performance and reliability. Parity block is a data block generated by performing specific operations on a data block, used to recover data when the data block is damaged. Redundant Array A technology that uses multiple hard disks or storage devices to improve data reliability and performance. Redundant Array of Independent Blockchains (RAIBB) A distributed storage technology that stripes the blockchain and uses parity blocks to achieve data redundancy and fault tolerance. Encryption The process of converting data into an unreadable format to protect data security. Decryption The process of restoring encrypted data to a readable format. Short Answer Questions

What is blockchain? How does it ensure data integrity? A blockchain is a growing list of blocks that are connected and protected by cryptographic techniques. Each block typically contains a cryptographic hash value, a timestamp, and transaction data of the previous block. Blockchain ensures data integrity by means of a hash chain. Any tampering with the block data will change its hash value, which in turn affects the hash values of all subsequent blocks, making tampering easy to detect.

What is a distributed network? How does it differ from a centralized network? A distributed network is a network consisting of multiple interconnected nodes, with data stored on multiple nodes. Unlike centralized networks, distributed networks have no central nodes, and data is stored in a decentralized manner, which improves data security and fault tolerance.

What is RAIBB? What technologies does it use to achieve redundant storage of blockchain? RAIBB is a distributed storage technology that stripes the blockchain and uses parity blocks to achieve data redundancy and fault tolerance. It combines striping and parity technologies to split the blockchain into multiple parts and store them on different nodes, and generate parity blocks for data recovery.

What is the difference between RAIBB4 and RAIBB5? Both RAIBB4 and RAIBB5 are variants of the RAIBB protocol, and their main difference lies in the way parity blocks are stored. RAIBB4 stores all parity blocks on a single dedicated node, while RAIBB5 stores parity blocks on different nodes.

What are the improvements of RAIBB6 compared to RAIBB5? RAIBB6 adds a second parity block on the basis of RAIBB5 and uses Galois field for calculation, which further improves data redundancy and fault tolerance.

What is a blockchain distributed network map? What does it do? The blockchain distributed network map records the storage location of each block in the distributed network and the information of the parity block for the recovery and reconstruction of the blockchain.

What functional modules are included in the blockchain device? The blockchain device usually contains a blockchain generation module, a blockchain striping module, a parity module, a blockchain encryption module, a node distribution module, a distributed network communication module, and a blockchain reconstruction module.

How does the blockchain device use encryption technology to protect data security? The blockchain device can encrypt blocks and parity blocks using encryption algorithms and decrypt them using encryption keys stored in the cloud cache data storage to ensure that only authorized users can access the data.

What is the role of the node distribution module? The node distribution module is responsible for determining which nodes in the distributed network to store the encrypted blocks and parity blocks on and generating a blockchain distributed network map.

What is the role of the blockchain reconstruction module? The blockchain reconstruction module is responsible for retrieving encrypted blocks and parity blocks from the distributed network and assembling them into a complete blockchain after decryption.

Essay questions

Discuss the differences between different variants of the RAIBB protocol (RAIBBO, RAIBB1, RAIBB2, RAIBB3, RAIBB4, RAIBB5, and RAIBB6) in detail, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.

Explain how blockchain distributed storage systems ensure data security, and discuss the security challenges and countermeasures they face.

Analyze the advantages and limitations of blockchain distributed storage systems in different application scenarios, and give examples.

Discuss the future development trends of blockchain distributed storage systems, such as new technological developments, application scenario expansion, and challenges faced.

Compare the similarities and differences between blockchain distributed storage systems and other distributed storage systems, such as IPFS, Hadoop, etc., and analyze their applicable scenarios.