Blockchain privacy protection and efficient transaction method

Glossary

Term definitionBlockchain is a distributed database that uses cryptography to link data blocks together. Once the data is recorded, it is difficult to tamper with. Private transaction requires the privacy of the transaction content. Only authorized users can access the transaction details. Trusted execution environment (TEE) is a secure area on the hardware platform that provides an execution environment isolated from the main operating system to protect the confidentiality and integrity of code and data. Pre-consensus validation is the preliminary verification of the transaction before the transaction reaches a consensus, such as checking the transaction format, signature, etc. Consensus processing is the process by which nodes in the blockchain network reach a consensus on the transaction, ensuring that all nodes maintain the same transaction history. External storage space refers to the storage space outside the TEE, such as memory, hard disk, etc., used to store encrypted data or other information. Smart contract is a code program stored on the blockchain that is automatically executed when the preset conditions are met, such as realizing decentralized transactions, asset management and other functions. Virtual Machine A software environment that simulates a computer system, such as the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), used to execute smart contract code. Contract Code Code that defines the logic and functions of a smart contract, usually stored in bytecode on the blockchain. Contract State Data related to smart contracts, such as account balances, contract execution results, etc., stored on the blockchain. Encrypted Transaction Content Transaction content encrypted using a symmetric encryption algorithm, which can only be accessed by users with decryption keys. Encrypted Key Symmetric key encrypted using an asymmetric encryption algorithm, which can only be decrypted by nodes with private keys. Digital Envelope An encryption technology that combines symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption, using a symmetric key to encrypt data and then using a public key to encrypt the symmetric key. Node Public Key The public key of a blockchain node, used to encrypt data, which can only be decrypted by nodes with the corresponding private key. Node Private Key The private key of a blockchain node, used to decrypt data encrypted using the corresponding public key, must be kept strictly confidential. Execution-time Verification Verification performed during the transaction execution process, such as checking account status, contract conditions, etc., to ensure that the transaction is legal and valid. Short answer questions

Please briefly describe the privacy and performance challenges faced by blockchain technology, and explain why traditional encryption technology is difficult to solve these two problems at the same time.

What is a trusted execution environment (TEE)? Please list some common TEE technologies and explain how TEE solves privacy issues in blockchain.

Compared with traditional methods, what improvements does the efficient transaction method proposed in this article have in the pre-consensus verification stage?

Why is it said that caching data in TEE can improve transaction execution efficiency? Please explain the advantages and disadvantages of caching data in TEE internal and external storage space.

What is a smart contract? Please explain the basic process of executing smart contracts in the blockchain, and explain how the method proposed in this article supports the privacy protection of smart contracts.

How is the digital envelope encryption method mentioned in this article implemented? Please explain its working principle and the advantages of using this method.

In the method proposed in this article, what operations are the node public key and node private key used for respectively? Why should the node private key be saved in TEE?

What is execution-time verification? Why do we need to perform execution-time verification? Please give an example to illustrate the role of execution-time verification.

In the method proposed in this article, how to record and query the results of pre-consensus verification? Why can execution-time verification be skipped in some cases?

In addition to the technologies mentioned in this article, what other methods do you think can further improve the privacy and efficiency of blockchain transactions?