Description of decentralized computing system

Description of decentralized computing system

System architecture:

Blockchain foundation: The system is based on blockchain technology, which is used to store and maintain transaction records.

Node specialization: The system divides nodes into three specialized types: access nodes, security nodes, and execution nodes, each of which is responsible for different tasks.

Node types and responsibilities:

Access nodes: receive transactions from clients, verify the correctness of transaction formats, and submit the signed hash values ​​to security nodes.

Security nodes: generate candidate blocks, verify transactions through the Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus algorithm, and ultimately determine the validity of blocks.

Execution nodes: execute transactions, calculate transaction results, store the complete state of the blockchain, and provide query responses to access nodes.

Transaction processing flow:

Transaction reception and verification: Access nodes receive transactions, verify transaction formats and credentials, sign transaction hashes and submit them to security nodes.

Block generation and consensus: Security nodes generate candidate blocks and verify their validity through the BFT consensus algorithm, ultimately forming deterministic blocks.

Execution and state update: The execution node executes the transactions in the block, calculates the output, updates the blockchain state, and provides the output commitment to the access node.

Performance and scalability:

High throughput: The system supports processing thousands to hundreds of thousands of transactions per second, far exceeding the processing capacity of existing blockchain systems.

Non-sharding design: The system achieves high throughput through node specialization without dividing the network into multiple asynchronously interacting sub-units (i.e., shards).

Security and reliability:

Byzantine fault tolerance: The BFT consensus algorithm is used to ensure that consensus can be reached even in the presence of malicious nodes in the network.

Node penalty mechanism: Access nodes and security nodes will be punished (such as "slashed") when they provide invalid data or behave improperly, thereby maintaining the health of the network.

Application scenarios:

Support for a variety of decentralized applications: The system is designed to provide secure and scalable computing power for a variety of decentralized applications.

High availability: Through node specialization and an efficient consensus mechanism, the system is able to support large-scale user groups and high-frequency trading needs.

Technical advantages:

Node specialization: By assigning tasks to node types that are good at specific tasks, the overall performance and resource utilization efficiency of the system are significantly improved.

Determinism and synchronization: The system retains fully synchronous communication between smart contracts, ensuring ACID properties (atomicity, consistency, isolation, persistence), thereby supporting the combination of complex systems.

Short answer questions:

What is the main innovation of the system?

The main innovation of the system is that it proposes a decentralized computing architecture based on node specialization. By dividing nodes into access nodes, security nodes, and execution nodes, each of which is responsible for different tasks, high throughput, non-sharding design, and strong security and reliability are achieved.

What are the types of nodes in the system and what are their respective responsibilities?

The types of nodes in the system include access nodes, security nodes, and execution nodes. Access nodes are responsible for receiving and verifying transactions, security nodes are responsible for block generation and consensus verification, and execution nodes are responsible for transaction execution, result calculation, and blockchain status update.

How does the system process transactions and generate blocks?

The system receives transactions through access nodes and verifies their format and credentials, and then submits the signed hash value to the security node. The security node generates candidate blocks through the Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm, verifies the validity of the transaction, and finally determines the block. The execution node executes the transactions in the block, calculates the output, and updates the blockchain status.

How does the system ensure security and reliability?

The system ensures that consensus can be reached even in the presence of malicious nodes by adopting the Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm. At the same time, a node penalty mechanism is introduced to punish nodes that provide invalid data or behave improperly, thereby maintaining the security and reliability of the network.

What are the advantages of this system over traditional blockchain systems?

The advantages of this system over traditional blockchain systems are mainly reflected in high throughput, non-sharding design, and strong security and reliability. Through node specialization, the system can significantly improve the speed and efficiency of processing transactions while maintaining fully synchronous communication between smart contracts and supporting the combination of complex systems. In addition, the system also supports large-scale user groups and high-frequency trading needs, with higher availability.

What application scenarios does the system support?

The system is designed to support a variety of decentralized applications, including but not limited to finance, supply chain management, the Internet of Things and other fields. By providing secure and scalable computing power, the system can promote the popularization and development of decentralized applications.