Quantum blockchain consensus generation

Quantum blockchain consensus generation

Post-quantum blockchain consensus:

Quantum-safe computing: A method for performing real-time quantum-safe computing in blockchain consensus protocols is proposed to address the threat of future quantum computing to existing cryptographic technologies.

Consensus protocol: Two consensus protocols based on asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance (aBFT), SodsBC and SodsBC++, are designed, which utilize preprocessing and concurrent preprocessing techniques to improve performance.

Consensus protocol features:

Performance optimization: By reducing communication complexity and computational overhead, the latency and throughput of consensus generation and transaction verification are significantly improved compared to existing quantum-sensitive protocols such as Honeybadger and Dumbo.

Censorship resistance: Encrypted symmetric key sharing is used to achieve censorship resistance in the consensus process, ensuring that all block parts are treated fairly.

System architecture and components:

Participant roles: The system consists of multiple distributed participants (i.e., verification servers) that create and maintain blockchain states through consensus protocols.

Secret Sharing and Randomization: Asynchronous Weakly Verifiable Secret Sharing (awVSS) scheme is used to generate and share random numbers, which are used as a random source in the consensus process.

Random Numbers and Consensus Coins:

Quantum-Secure Random Coins: Quantum-secure random coins are generated through random values ​​shared by participants, which are locked and verified in consensus rounds.

Coin Pool Management: A global awVSS pool is established to manage all generated random coins and reuse these coins in multiple consensus rounds.

Smart Contract Execution:

Finite State Machine (FSM): Smart contracts are represented as finite state machines and executed through multi-party computation (MPC) to protect contract business logic and data privacy.

Privacy Protection: The correspondence between contract inputs and outputs is hidden through hybrid technology to protect the identity and transaction privacy of participants.

Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP):

MPC-in-the-real ZKP: A new ZKP construction, SodsZKP, is proposed to support multiple proxy provers and can collaboratively generate valid ZKPs when no more than t proxy provers are malicious at the same time.

Efficiency improvement: The efficiency of ZKP generation is improved by separating the preprocessing and online stages, and executing multiple MPC instances concurrently.

System deployment and expansion:

Dynamic consensus committee: Use permissioned blockchain to provide dynamic consensus committee member selection, support committee reconfiguration and member replacement.

Multi-heterogeneous blockchain: Use multiple heterogeneous blockchains running different contract languages ​​to improve the robustness and fault tolerance of the system.

Summary of short answer questions:

What is the main goal of the system?

Answer: The main goal of the system is to achieve a fast, post-quantum-safe blockchain consensus generation and smart contract execution system to cope with the threat of future quantum computing to existing encryption technology.

What are the two consensus protocols proposed?

Answer: The two consensus protocols proposed are SodsBC and SodsBC++, both of which are based on the asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance (aBFT) architecture and use preprocessing and concurrent preprocessing techniques to improve performance.

How does the system achieve quantum security?

Answer: The system achieves quantum security by adopting quantum-safe encryption technology and multi-party computing (MPC) protocols. For example, quantum-safe hash functions and secret-sharing-based common randomization methods are used to generate quantum-safe random coins.

What role does awVSS play in the system?

Answer: The awVSS (Asynchronous Weakly Verifiable Secret Sharing) scheme is used in the system to generate and share random numbers, which serve as a random source in the consensus process. awVSS ensures that valid random numbers can be generated and verified even if some participants are malicious.

How are smart contracts represented and executed?

Answer: Smart contracts are represented as finite state machines (FSMs) in the system and executed through multi-party computation (MPC) protocols. This representation method helps to protect the privacy of the business logic of the contract and ensure the correctness of the contract execution and data privacy through MPC.

What is the innovation of SodsZKP?

Answer: SodsZKP is a new zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) construction. Its innovation lies in supporting multiple proxy provers to collaboratively generate valid ZKPs, even if no more than t proxy provers are malicious. In addition, SodsZKP improves the generation efficiency of ZKP by separating the preprocessing and online stages, and executing multiple MPC instances concurrently.

How does the system handle dynamic consensus committee member changes?

Answer: The system uses the permissioned blockchain to provide a dynamic consensus committee member selection mechanism, supports the selection of new committee members from the current online participant candidate list, and completes the bootstrapping process to take over the block creation rights. This ensures the continuous operation and flexibility of the system