Blockchain Security Research Guide

Glossary

Blockchain: A decentralized, immutable, distributed ledger for recording transactions.

Smart Contract: A program stored on a blockchain that automatically executes when preset conditions are met.

Consensus Mechanism: A mechanism used in a blockchain network to verify transactions and ensure data consistency across all nodes.

Proof of Work (PoW): A consensus mechanism that requires nodes to perform complex calculations to create new blocks.

Proof of Stake (PoS): A consensus mechanism that selects block creators based on the number of tokens held by the node and for how long.

Security Node (SN): A node that monitors a blockchain network and verifies transactions to enhance security.

SN Light Node: A SN node with limited resources used to evaluate network traffic and smart contracts in real time.

SN Full Node: An SN node with a complete copy of the blockchain used to train and verify security models.

SN Master Node: The highest-level SN node that coordinates the SN system, manages reward distribution, and handles emergencies.

Zero-Day Vulnerability: A vulnerability in a software or system that is not yet known and can be exploited by an attacker.

Short Answer Question

Please explain the core principles of blockchain technology and its advantages. Answer: The core principles of blockchain technology are decentralization, transparency, security, and immutability. Its advantages include increased transparency and trust, reduced transaction costs, enhanced security, and improved efficiency.

What role do smart contracts play in blockchain? Please list two potential security risks. Answer: Smart contracts are stored on the blockchain and automatically executed when preset conditions are met, such as in decentralized financial applications to automatically execute transactions. Potential security risks of smart contracts include code vulnerabilities and malicious contracts.

Please explain the difference between Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanisms. Answer: PoW requires nodes to perform complex calculations to create new blocks, while PoS selects block creators based on the number of tokens held by nodes and time. PoW consumes more energy, while PoS is more environmentally friendly, but there may be a problem of the rich getting richer.

What is the SN system? How does it enhance the security of the blockchain? A: The SN system is a network consisting of SN light nodes, SN full nodes, and SN master nodes that monitor the blockchain network and verify transactions. It enhances the security of the blockchain by providing additional security layers, distributed security checks, and self-improving security features.

What are the main functions of SN light nodes and SN full nodes? A: SN light nodes evaluate network traffic and smart contracts in real time and report suspicious activities to SN full nodes. SN full nodes train and verify security models and provide updates to SN light nodes.

What role does the SN master node play in the SN system? A: SN master nodes are the highest-level nodes responsible for coordinating the SN system, managing reward distribution, handling emergencies, and monitoring the availability of other nodes.

How does the SN system address the threat of zero-day vulnerabilities? A: The SN system uses machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies to automatically identify potential zero-day vulnerabilities by analyzing network traffic, smart contract code, and other security data.

How does the SN system ensure the security of its own nodes? Answer: The SN system ensures the security of nodes through a consensus mechanism and a risk scoring system. If a node behaves abnormally, other nodes will identify it as a malicious node and isolate it.

How can the SN system be applied to protect IoT devices? Answer: The SN system can protect IoT devices by verifying the signature of the device manufacturer, detecting malware, and providing security updates. It can serve as a secure bridge between IoT devices and blockchains.

Please list the three major advantages of the SN system. Answer: The advantages of the SN system include: (1) enhancing the security of existing blockchains; (2) providing a distributed security mechanism; and (3) achieving self-improving security.