Ethereum's decentralized digital identity login

I. Glossary

Term Definitions

Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract functions.

Smart Contract is a computer protocol designed to disseminate, verify or execute contracts in an information-based manner, allowing trusted transactions without a third party, which are traceable and irreversible.

Decentralized Identifier (DID) is a new type of verifiable and "self-sovereign" digital identity identifier. As a decentralized authentication data structure, it can define people, objects and institutions.

Single Sign-On (SSO) In an environment where multiple systems coexist, after a user logs in in one place, he does not need to log in in other systems, and all user identities are uniformly authenticated.

OpenID is a decentralized online identity authentication system. Users do not need to remember usernames and passwords. They only need to register in advance on a website that serves as an OpenID identity provider.

OAuth is a proxy access mechanism. An application can replace the user to obtain resources belonging to the user on the resource server or perform operations that meet the user's permissions.

SAML is a security assertion markup language that can be used for authentication and authorization.

II. Short Answer Questions

What are the problems with the traditional identity system login business integration solution? Traditional solutions require an identity data server established using open protocols such as OpenID or OAuth. The user's digital identity control is completely dependent on the identity data server, which poses a security risk.

How does the decentralized digital identity login management system proposed in this invention solve the problems of traditional solutions? This invention uses blockchain and cryptography technology to cancel the centralized storage of digital identity identifiers and passwords. Users can independently manage identity identifiers and public keys through smart contracts on Ethereum, and only need to keep their private keys to log in safely.

What role does the smart contract module play in this system? The smart contract module is used for user registration and management of decentralized identifiers, associated public key information, and related attribute information, such as user-defined third-party service provider website service endpoint information.

Explain the concept of decentralized identifiers (DIDs) and their application in this system. DID is a new type of verifiable digital identity identifier. In this system, each entity can have multiple DIDs, and ownership agreements are made by binding Ethereum addresses to achieve separation of roles and backgrounds.

How is key rotation and management implemented in this system? Users can use the Ethereum address of the owner of the decentralized identifier to send Ethereum transactions and call the smart contract interface to achieve rotation and management of public keys.

What is the function of the decentralized identifier document parsing module? Read the data recorded in the smart contract and convert it into a decentralized identifier document that can be read by a third party or other users. The document uses the JSON data format.

How does the user authentication module verify the user's identity? The user authentication module queries the corresponding public key information in the smart contract module according to the login request sent by the user, and verifies the digital signature information attached to the login request to authenticate the user's identity.

What is the function of the identity authorization module? The identity authorization module is used to configure the single sign-on protocol parameters, and after the user's identity authentication is passed, the user is granted the corresponding third-party service provider website login permission according to the parameters.

Briefly describe the system's login management process for decentralized digital identities. The system's login management process mainly includes the configuration stage, the authorization stage, and the login stage, covering the complete process from user registration, service configuration to login verification.

List three common single sign-on protocols and explain their characteristics. OpenID is a decentralized identity authentication system; OAuth is a proxy access mechanism that authorizes access to resources through tokens; SAML is a security assertion markup language that uses XML format to transmit assertion information.

3. Essay questions

Detail the architecture of the decentralized digital identity login management system, including the functions of each module and the interaction between them.

Analyze the advantages of the system compared to the traditional identity system login business integration solution, such as security and user autonomy.

Discuss the application prospects of decentralized identifiers (DID) in the field of digital identity management and the challenges that may be faced.

Combined with actual application scenarios, give examples to illustrate how the system can achieve safe and convenient login for users between different third-party service providers' websites.

Analyze what improvements and optimizations can be made to the system in future development, such as function expansion, performance improvement, and security enhancement.